We will now look at an industry initiative called MANRS. It stands for Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security and this is an industry effort to ensure best practices for security of the routing system. MANRS has four recommendations and you can find those at the MANRS website. The first one is to prevent propagation of incorrect routing information and basically that's about filtering bgp peers inbound and outbound. The second one is to prevent traffic with spoofed source addresses and that is BCP38, all about unicast reverse path forwarding. The third one is to facilitate communication between network operators. Now this facilitating communication can be ensuring you know how to contact the network operation center of your peers, your transit, your customers. And also to ensure up-to-date details in Route and AS Objects and in the peering database. And the final MANRS principle is to facilitate validation of routing information. And this is Route Origin Authorization using rpki which we'll talk about elsewhere in this series. Now let's look at each of the MANRS principles in a little bit more detail. This series talks about some of these principles in more detail elsewhere but it is useful to summarize them here for clarity about the MANRS principles.

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