We will now look at the different types
of peering. Private peering is where two
network operators agree to interconnect
the networks and exchange their
respective rights for the purpose of
ensuring that customers can reach each
other directly over the peering link.
Settlement free peering is where there
are no traffic charges and is the most
common form of peering on the Internet
today paid peering is where two
operators agree to exchange traffic
charges for appearing relationship how
these paid peering operate usually
depends on the two operators concerned
bilateral peering is very similar to a
private peering but usually takes place
at a public peering part for example an
internet exchange point multilateral
peering takes place at internet exchange
points where operators all peer with
each other via a device called a right
server and mandatory multilateral
peering is where operators are forced to
appear with each other as a condition of
their exchange point membership indeed
mandatory multilateral peering is
strongly discouraged it has no record of
success there are one or two places in
the world with exchange point and the
members have agreed on a mandatory
multilateral peering policy and this
works for them in their particular
circumstances but the vast experience
around the globe has shown that
bilateral peering a multilateral peering
of the most successful types of peering
taking place at internet exchange points
there's also open peering open peering
is where an isp publicly states that
they will appear with all parties who
approach them for peering this is
commonly found internet exchange points
where the isp or network operator will
participate via the route server there
is selective peering where an ISPs
peering policy depends on the nature of
the operator who requests peering with
them at
ixps the operator will not generally
appear with the route server but will
only appear bilaterally and finally
there is restrictive peering where an
ISP decides who its peering partners are
and is generally not approachable to
considering peering opportunities the
peering database documents ISP peering
policies and you can reach it through
the URL peering DB comm I would like to
advise all operators of autonomous
systems to register the details in the
peering DB even if at the moment the
operator is not at an internet exchange
part
this gives the a/s visibility within the
peering community and should the
operator come to an exchange point in
the future the entry is visible in the
peering DB and can be updated as
required furthermore participation in
the peering fora is strongly encouraged
as well there is the global peering
forum the GP F which is where
multinational operators and regional
operators meet to discuss and negotiate
peering opportunities but every region
also has its own peering forum whether
it's European peering forum the Middle
Eastern the Asian peering forum
Caribbean Latin America Africa and so on
indeed the peering fora are so
successful many countries now operate
their own peering fora either as part of
the local exchange point activity or as
part of
of the local network Operations Group
the slide shows an example of appearing
DB entry this particular one is from the
Equinix internet exchange point at Palo
Alto the former Palo Alto internet
exchange and the slide shows typical
examples of the peers available at this
exchange point it shows their address
the contact information the prefixes
used at the exchange point and the peers
present there as well and you can see
the different peering policies that the
different peers have the type of
bandwidth that they would connect with
and their dress space that they would
probably be announcing the other peering
DB entry being shown is that of a
typical operator this is a content
provider it shows the locations that
present at the IP addresses on the
peering infrastructure the bandwidth at
the different locations and so on so as
you can see the peering DB is an
extremely useful summary of which
operators are present at which
facilities and the amount of bandwidth
these operators have available at each
facility. So as I said earlier I'm
strongly encourage all operators who
have an autonomous system number to
register the AS number in the PeeringDB
and register any other useful
information
which makes them more attractive
to potential peers in the future.
© Produced by Philip Smith and the Network Startup Resource Center, through the University of Oregon.
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