So to include the exchange point presentation I want to have a quick look at some of the subject areas we've been discussing. We'll have a look at policies and politics first. Exchange points have acceptable use policies which are minimum rules for connection. We've talked about fees some exchange points charge No Fee some are operate cost recovery and a few exchange points operate on a commercial basis nobody is obliged to peer agreements are left to the ISPs and are never mandated by the exchange point the typical exchange point etiquette is that members should not point to fault rights to other exchange point participants this should be aware of how the bgp third-party next-hop works and only announced aggregate ratts reading the ripe 399 and right 5 3 2 documents are quite important as they describe the what is expected by network operators for announcements to the internet and of course filter as we've learned in the BGP series is very very important filter what we sent to other peers and filter what we receive from our other peers the typical features we see it exchange points our redundancy and reliability after the exchange point starts quite often we see a second switch being installed quite often at a second location a UPS is absolutely essential and many exchange points will often have a generator to backup the UPS and the public power supply support is quite often a feature well as a network operations center providing 24 by 7 cover this nor can be provided by the hosting facility or agreed upon by the exchange point members we usually see DNS rad collect and route servers content caches and TP servers location needs to be neutral secure and accessible for all members as for address space we use public addresses for the peering land and public addresses for the exchange point services land an es number is required of the exchange point operates a route server and operates ixb services the larger exchange points implement route servers for scaling the BGP mesh and statistics are very important to be made available for the membership via the exchange point website as for creating exchange points no economy or circumstance is unique or different we quite often see excuses like oh we don't need one or oh it's different here you don't understand every locality has its differences but every locality also wants to keep local traffic local improve network performance and QoS for the users in that community and improve the overall internet economy in the locality the available technology is the same for every network operator everywhere so there's absolutely no excuse for improving the local internet economy exchange points also help develop the ecosystem around them we create an exchange point Association which is formed by the members who have a port on the exchange part an exchange point Association is usually what operates the exchange point the exchange point members meet regularly they will have board meetings as well as operational strategy and direction the ixb technical community could also meet and these will be the network operators the forks involved in operating the network and the systems infrastructure within each member and these meetings could be aligned with exchange Association and exchange point member meetings and it could lead to the creation of a local network operators group the IXP could facilitate the creation of this nog because the same technicians and same engineers are involved in both a local internet exchange point is defined as a public peering point serving the local internet industry and local means when it becomes cheaper to interconnect with other ISPs at a common location than it is to pay transit to another ISP to reach the same consumer base and of course local can mean different things in different regions a regional internet exchange point is also a local exchange point but they also attract regional ISPs and ISPs from outside the locality the regional ISPs will pair with each other at regional ixs and indeed they will show up at several of these regional exchange parts a regional exchange point also means that local ISP scan pier with ISPs from outside the locality they don't compete with each other and means the local ice bees don't have to pay transit costs and quite often ice piece of disparate sizes and different peering policies will happily appear with each other because it allows all of them to defray transit costs under word about industry associations euro X was the first internet exchange point association formed of the exchange points based in Europe Euro IX also has associate members from around the world and the Euro X website shown on the screen has all the information needed to help start an internet exchange part it also includes the exchange point best practice documentation mentioned earlier in Asia there is the Asia Pacific internet exchange association modeled on Euro IX and members are from the asia-pacific region it meets twice a year during per quart and a panic conferences other regions of the world also have their exchange point association we see them farmed in Africa and Latin America as well for further information about interconnects tele geography maintains an extensive list of ISP interconnect parts be careful though these are not all internet exchanges even though telegraphy lists them as the internet exchange map there is P interconnect parts summarizing all of the discussion about exchange points an exchange point is a layer to infrastructure at least three players are required to is okay as well meeting in an open and neutral location the need to be minimum rules minimal BRE RSA and the need to operate on a cost recovery basis and the industry should encourage participation by all autonomous networks. The minimum requirement for each autonomous network is that they have their own independent address space, their own autonomous system number and their own transit arrangements. An exchange point is well known and well proven to help develop the local internet ecosystem and are strongly encourag ed for all regions of the world.